Disciplina: Inglês 0 Curtidas
The first and second paragraphs mainly illustrate a) - UNIFESP 2021
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Remember the good old days, when you could have a heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t come from the city of Manchester?
How things have changed.
Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.
1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’
The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.
2. ________________
Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.
A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidencebased arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.
3. Just be nicer?
Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.
(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
The first and second paragraphs mainly illustrate
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the fact that life in the old days tended to be far easier and more amusing than it is in the current turbulent times.
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the level of importance given, in the good old days, to debates about one’s favorite soccer team.
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the ways in which rather unimportant divergences are handled today if compared to previous times.
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the manner conflicts between friends can be dealt with, from an aggressive or a more easy-going perspective.
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the contrasts between supporting a soccer team today, and in years past.
Solução
Alternativa Correta: C) the ways in which rather unimportant divergences are handled today if compared to previous times.
A resposta correta é a alternativa C, pois os primeiros parágrafos do texto refletem como as divergências, que antes eram vistas como triviais e tratadas de maneira leve, agora adquiriram um peso emocional e social significativo. O autor menciona os "bons velhos tempos" em que debater sobre temas menores, como o apoio a um time de futebol, era divertido, em contraste com o clima atual, onde desavenças sobre questões sérias, como o uso de máscara ou discussões sobre racismo, geram conflitos intensos e reações emocionais.
Além disso, a comparação entre a facilidade de discussões passadas e a seriedade dos debates contemporâneos destaca uma mudança na forma como as pessoas lidam com desavenças. O texto sugere que a polarização atual torna as conversas difíceis, levando a julgamentos severos e a um ambiente de intolerância. Assim, a leveza que antes caracterizava essas discussões foi substituída por um sentimento de urgência e conflito, refletindo a gravidade das questões em pauta.
Por fim, a análise das abordagens "coupling" e "decoupling" complementa essa ideia, mostrando como as pessoas hoje tendem a ver as questões interligadas a um contexto maior, ao invés de tratá-las de forma isolada. Essa mudança de perspectiva intensifica as divergências e evidencia como a abordagem atual das discussões sociais é muito mais complicada e repleta de tensões, confirmando a premissa de que as desavenças de outrora eram tratadas com muito menos seriedade.
Institução: UNIFESP
Ano da Prova: 2021
Assuntos: Interpretação Textual em Inglês
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