Disciplina: Inglês 0 Curtidas
According to the information in the article, the American - FGV 2014
NO HURRICANE TONIGHT
By Philip Ball
1 Isn’t it strange how we like to regard weather forecasting as a uniquely incompetent science—as though this subject of vital economic and social importance can attract only the most inept researchers, armed with bungling, bogus theories?
2 That joke, however, is becoming less funny. With Britain’s, and probably the world’s, weather becoming more variable and prone to extremes, an inaccurate forecast risks more than a wet garden party, potentially leaving us unprepared for life-threatening floods or ruined harvests.
3 Perhaps this new need to take forecasting seriously will eventually win it the respect it deserves. Part of the reason we love to highlight the disastrously misplaced reassurance from Michael Fish, the BBC’s TV weatherman, is that there has been no comparable failure since. “Earlier today,” said Fish, “apparently, a woman phoned the BBC and said she heard there was a hurricane on the way; well, if you’re watching, don’t worry – there isn’t.” Hours later, the great storm of 1987 struck. As meteorologists and applied mathematicians Ian Roulstone and John Norbury point out in their account of the maths of weather prediction, Invisible in the Storm, the five-day forecast is, at least in western Europe, now more reliable than the threeday forecast was when the 1987 storm raged. There has been a steady improvement in accuracy over this period and, popular wisdom to the contrary, prediction has long been far superior to simply assuming that tomorrow´s weather will be the same as today’s.
4 Weather forecasting is hard not in the way that fundamental physics is hard. It’s not that the ideas are so confusing, but that the basic equations are extremely tough to solve, and that hiding within them is a barrier to prediction that must defeat even the most profound mind. Weather is intrinsically unknowable more than two weeks ahead, because it is an example of a chaotic system, in which imperceptible differences in two initial states can blossom into grossly different eventual outcomes. Indeed, it was the work of the American meteorologist Edward Lorenz in the 1960s, using a set of highly simplified equations to determine patterns of atmospheric convection, that first alerted the scientific community to the notion of chaos: the inevitable divergence of all but identical initial states as they evolve over time.
5 It’s not obvious that weather should be susceptible to mathematical analysis in the first place. Wind and rain and blazing heat seem subject to caprice, and it’s no wonder they were long considered a matter of divine providence.
Adapted from Prospect, February, 2013
According to the information in the article, the American meteorologist Edward Lorenz
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warned the scientific community of the chaotic state of most meteorological research methods.
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was the first meteorologist to divulge the fact that unless two initial states are exactly the same, they must evolve differently.
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was the first meteorologist to use mathematical equations to determine patterns of atmospheric convection.
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had access only to rudimentary mathematical models and therefore achieved limited success in determining patterns of atmospheric convection.
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was the first meteorologist to study the nature of various patterns of atmospheric convection.
Solução
Alternativa Correta: B) was the first meteorologist to divulge the fact that unless two initial states are exactly the same, they must evolve differently.
De acordo com a informação no artigo, o meteorologista Edward Lorenz foi o primeiro a divulgar o fato de que, a menos que dois estados iniciais sejam exatamente iguais, ele devem evoluir diferentemente.
Resolução adaptada de: Curso Objetivo
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Recebedor: Wesley Rodrigues
Institução: FGV
Ano da Prova: 2014
Assuntos: Interpretação Textual de Inglês
Vídeo Sugerido: YouTube